The Impact of Oil and Gas Development on the Landscape and Surface in Nigeria

This writing will focus on the impact of oil and gas development landscape, surface water groundwater Niger Delta – while also assessing various means remediation in use. Geologically, petroleum systems consist Lower Cretaceous , Upper Cretaceous–lower Paleocene Tertiary. When Nigeria became an independent nation 1 October 1960, Shell–BP began to relinquish its acreage exploration licenses were converted into prospecting that allowed production. The Federal Government started Department Petroleum Resources Inspectorate 1970 joined Organization Exporting Countries 1971. order take control country’s industry, nationalized BP’s holding completely 1979, Shell Development Company Nigeria. Oil spillages routinely occur Delta. official figures SPDC show between 1976 2001, 6,187 incidents which 3 million barrels spilled. Environmental Survey An assessment 1983 Oshika spill. Spills crude farmlands have been reported since In general, toxicity depends nature type level contamination, environment degree selective individual organisms. Controlled burning effectively reduce amount water, if done properly but it must be low wind can cause air pollution. A principal target for emissions reduction is flaring venting causes most Saltwater tanks often susceptible lightning strikes due build up static electricity, with spilled spreading surrounding lands, waterways. requires a secondary containment makes easier clean inevitable cases expected major storms or flooding events, removed from tank batteries refilling saltwater prevent them tipping over during event.